Manual Testing

1) What is Quality?
Quality is conformance to requirements, Degree of Excellence and Measuring as per specifications.

2) What is Quality Assurance?
Quality Assurance involves entire software development process i.e. monitoring and improving the process, making sure that any agreed upon standards and procedures are followed, and ensuring that problems are found and dealt with.

3) What is Quality Control?
The Operational Techniques and Activities that are used to fulfill the requirements for quality.

4) What is the difference between Quality Assurance and Quality Control?

• Quality Assurance                    Quality Control 
•  Prevention based                            Detection based  
•  Process oriented                              Project oriented      
• Organization level                           Producer responsibility
•  Phase Parallel activity                    End phase activity                                                                                                                                                                                                 

5) What is Testing?
Testing is a process of excising or evaluating a system component by manual or automated means to verify that is satisfying specified requirements. To ensure that manufactured product is working according to specifications and working perfectly.

6) What is Verification?

• Verification is a static testing procedure.
• It involves verifying the requirements, detailed design documents, test plans, walkthroughs, and inspections of various documents produced during the development and testing process.
• Ensuring that the output of a phase meets the requirement or goals set for the phase.” Are you building the product right”.
• It is a preventive procedure.
• It involves more than two or three persons and is a group activity.
• It requires co-operation and scheduling of meetings and discussions.
• It is also called human testing, since it involves finding the errors by person participating in a review or the walkthrough.
• Verification occurs on requirements, design and coding.
• Verification is made both in the executable and non-executable forms of a work product.
• Verification finds errors early in the SDLC and reduces the cost of errors.
• An effective tool for verification is a checklist.

Verification activities include

• Requirements verification. 
• Functional design verification
• Internal design verification
• Code verification

Verification tasks include

• Planning 
• Execution

Verification deliverables (work products) are

• Verification test plan 
• Inspection report
• Verification test report

7) What is Validation?

• Validation is a dynamic testing procedure.
• Validation involves actual testing of the product as per the test plan (unit, integration, system, acceptance test).
• Ensuring that a phase is effective in achieving its goal. “Are we building the right product”.
• It is a corrective procedure.
• It involves the tester and user (sometimes).
• It is to check that the product satisfies the requirements and is accepted by the user.
• It is also called computer testing, since errors are found out by testing the software on a computer 
• Validation occurs only in coding and executable application.
• Validation is done only on executable forms of a work product.
• Validation finds errors only during the testing stage and hence cost of errors reduced is less than verification.
• Various manual and automated test tools are available for validation.

Validation activities include

• Unit testing
• Usability testing 
• Function testing
• System testing
• Acceptance testing

Validation tasks include

• Planning
• Testware developments
• Test execution
• Testware maintenance

Validation deliverables are

• Test plan
• Test design specification
• Test case specification
• Test procedure specification
• Test log
• Test incident report

8)What is Quality Analyst?

• Identifies weakness in the process and improve them.
• Sets measurements program to evaluate process.
• Process are established and continuously improved to produce products that meets specification and are fit use.

9) What is Test Eng?

• Verifies specific attributes of the product or project.
• Focuses on inspection, testing and removal of defects.
• Responsibility of worker.
• Concerned with specific products.

10) What is Priority?
Priority is with respect to the delivery of the application. It is assigned by the developer and describes the importance a developer places on fixing the bug.

11) What is Severity?
Severity is with respect to the application. It is assigned by user and describes the level of impact the bug is having on them.

12) What is Test Plan?
Test plan is a document that describes the overall approach to testing and testing objectives. A standard test plan consists of following.

• Software system description
• Test scope
• Test objectives
• Assumptions
• Risk analysis
• Test design
• Test data management
• Test environment
• Test tools
• Test techniques
• Schedule and milestones
• Resources
• Roles and responsibilities
• Defect management
• Configuration management
• Guidelines for generating testware
• Metrics to capture

13) What is Test Case?
Test case is basically a sequence or flow of test to achieve certain functionality. Test case is used for “how to test”. The test case should contain.

• Test case id 
• Pre condition
• Steps or description 
• Expected output
• Actual output 
• Result

14) What is Testing Life Cycle?

• Proposal
• Test Requirement Specifications
• Test Design
• Test Review
• Inspection and Release 
• Client Acceptance

15) What is Test Strategy?
Test Strategy will give the full insight of the counter part that how will be the testing carried out, viz, for preparation of test data we will use boundary, equivalence partitioning, and we will be using this % of white box and this % of black box. Test strategy is a subset of test plan.
Test strategy talks about the overall approach towards testing

16) What is Test Methodology?
A test methodology talk about using which methods and techniques the test case verifies their objectives. The tests that you will execute, how they are going to verify their objective becomes the best methodology.

17) What is Test Script?
A procedure identifying steps required executing a test case, including the actual values for input and expected results.

18) What is Test Report?
A document that contains the current status of the testing of a project. This can include software system description, test scope, test objectives, test results, a summary of working and non-working functions of the application, risk and recommendations.

19) What is Test Coverage?Coverage of requirements in testing in terms of test cases.
First you will have the business requirement documents, you may have the functional spec. documents. Now based on that you will prepare your test cases. You may go for a traceability matrix to see the coverage of requirements.

20) What is Test Scenario?
The events that occur when executing the application. It is a sub issue of test case.

21) What is Test Objective?
Test objective gives us what actually to test.